Glossary

• ABSTRACTIONS: Abstractions refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations.
• ALTERNATE KEY: A candidate key that is not the primary key is called an alternate key.
• ARRAY: An Array is a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by the common name.
• ATRRIBUTES: The columns of a relation are known as attributes.
• BASE CLASS: A class whose properties are inherited by other classes(its subclasses)BASE TYPE: The Data type of array elements is known as the base type of array
• CARDINALITY: The number of rows in a relation is known as cardinality.
• CASCADING OR I/O OPERATORS: The multiple use of input or output operators (“>>” or “<<”) in one statement is called cascading of I/O.
• CCOPY CONSTRUCTOR:  A constructor that initialize an object with the data values of another object.
• CLASS: A class is a group of objects that share common properties and relationships.
• CONSOLE I/O FUNCTIONS: Console I/O functions perform input from the standard input device and output to the standard output device of a system.
• CONSTRUCTOR: A member function with the same name as its class is called constructor and it is used to initialize the objects of that class type with a legal initial value
• CONTAINERSHIP OR AGGREGATION:  When a class contains objects of other class types as its members, it is referred to as containership or aggregation. 
• DATA INDIPENDENCE: The ability to modify a scheme definition in one level without affecting a scheme definition in the next higher level is called data independence.
• DATA REDUNDANCY: Duplication of data is known as data redundancy.
• DATA SECURITY: Data security refers to protection of data against accidental or intentional disclosure to unauthorized person, or unauthorized modification or destruction.
• DATA STRUCTURE: A data structure is a named group of data of different data types which can be processed as a single unit. A data structure have well-defined operations behavior and properties.
• DATABASE: A data base is a collection of interrelated data and a database system is basically a computer based record keeping system.
• DEGREE: The number of attribute in a relation is called degree.
• DEREFERENCING: Dereferencing refers to changing/ assessing state of the pointer.
• DESTRUCTOR: A member function having the same name as its class but preceded by ~ sign and that deinitializes an object before it goes out of scope.
• DISAMBIGUATION: Process of argument matching.
• EARLY BINDING: Static Binding.
• ENCAPCULATION: The wrapping up of data and operations/ functions ( that operate on the data ) into a single unit ( called class) is known as encapsulation.
• EXPRESSION: An expression in C++ is any valid combination of tokens.
• FOREIGN KEY: A non-key attribute whose value are derived from the primary key of some other table is known as foreign-key in its current table.
• FREE STORE: Free store is a pool of unallocated heap memory given to a program that is used by the program for dynamic allocation during execution.
• FUNCTION OVERLOADING: Giving several definitions to a single function name that are differentiable by the number or types of their arguments.
• FUNCTION PROTOTYPE: A function prototype is a declaration of the function that tells the program about the type of the value returned by the function and the number and type of each argument
• FUNCTION: A function is a named unit of a group of program statements. This unit can be invoked from other parts of the program as and when required.
• FUNCTION’S SIGNATURES: Argument list of a function.
• FUNDAMENTAL DATA TYPE: Fundamental (Atomic) data types are those that are not composed of other data types.
• INHERITANCE: Inheritance is the capability of one class of things to derive capabilities or properties from another class.
• LINKED LIST: A list is a linear collection of data elements, called nodes pointing to the next nodes by means of pointers.
• MODULARITY: Modularity is the property of a system that has been decomposed into a set of cohesive and loosely coupled modules.
• OBJECT: An object is an identifiable entity with some characteristics and behavior.
• ONE-DIMESIONAL ARRAY: A one dimensional array is a group of elements having same data type and same name. Individual elements are referred to using common name and unique index of the element.
• OPRATEORS AND OPERANDS: The operations (specific tasks) are represented by operators and the objects of the operations are referred to as operands.
• PARAMETERIZED CONSTRUCTOR: A constructor that accepts parameters for its invocation is known as parameterized constructor.
• POINTERS: A pointer is a variable that holds a memory address, usually the location of another variable in memory.
• POLYMORPHISM: Polymorphism is the ability for a message or data to be processed in more than one form.
• PRIVACY OF DATA: Privacy of data refers to the rights of individuals and organizations to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is to be transmitted others.
• PROGRAM PARADIGMA: A programming paradigm defines the methodology of designing and implementing programs using the key features and building blocked of a programing language.
• RECRUSIVE FUNCTION: A function calling itself in its own body is a recursive function. In a recursive function, there must be a reachable condition for its termination. Otherwise the function will be invoked endlessly.
• SELF-REFERENCIAL STRUCTURE: A structure having a member element that refers to the structure itself, is known as self-referential structure.
• STATIC BINDING OR EARLY BINDING: When the arguments of methods are resolved during compilation stage, it is called static binding or early binding or arguments to the function.
• STATIC BINDING: Selections of a particular function for a particular call at the compile-time.
• STREAM: A Stream is a sequence of bytes.
• STRUCTURE: A structure is a collection of variables referenced under one name.
• SUB CLASS: A derivate class.
• TEMPORARY OBJECT: An anonymous short-lived object.
• TOKEN: The smallest Individual unit in a program is known as a Token.
• TUPLES: The row of a relation are known as tuples.
• TYPE CASTING: Explicit conversion of an operand to a specific type is called type casting.
• TYPE CONVERSION: the process of converting one predefined type into another is called type conversion.
• VARIABLE SCOPE: The program parts in which a particular piece of code or a data value can be accessed is known as variable scope
• VIEW: A view is a (virtual) table that does not really exist in its own right but is instead derived from one or more underlying base tables.
• PRIMARY KEY: A primary key is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely      identify tuples within the relation.