The
major motivating factor in the invention of object oriented approach is to
remove some of the flaws encountered in the procedural approach. OOP treats
data as a critical element in the program development and does not allow it to
flow freely around the system. It ties data more closely to the function that
operate it, and protect it from accidental modification from outside function.
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Object Oriented Programming
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Object oriented Programming (OOP) refers to a type of
computer programming in which programmers define not only the data type of a
data structure, but also the types of operations (functions) that can be
applied to the data structure.
In this
way, the data structure becomes an object that includes both data and function.
In addition programmers can create relationships between one object and
another. For example, objects can inherit characteristics from other objects.
Basic Concepts of Object Oriented Programming
If you are new to Object Oriented Programming languages, you
will need to know a few basics before you can get started with code. That
includes:
Object : a
self-contained entity that consist of both data and procedures to manipulate
the data. When a program is executed, the objects interact by sending massage
to one another.
Class : A
category of objects. The class defines all the common properties of the
different objects that belong to it. When you define a class, you define a
blueprint for an object.
Abstraction :
The process of picking out (abstracting) common features of objects and
procedures. Data abstraction refers to providing only essentials information to
the outside world and hiding their background details.
Encapsulation :
The process of combining elements to create a new entity. A procedure is a type
of encapsulation because it combines a series of computer instructions.
Polymorphism :
It is important feature of OOP. A programming language’s ability to process
objects differently depending on their data type of class.
Dynamic Binding : Binding refers to
the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to call.
Massage Passing : Massage passing is a form of communication used in parallel programming
and Object Oriented Programming.
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